Properties of Exponential Function

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Theorem

Let $x \in \R$ be a real number.

Let $\exp x$ be the exponential of $x$.


Then:

Exponential of Zero

$\exp 0 = 1$


Exponential of One

$\exp 1 = e$

where $e$ is Euler's number: $e = 2.718281828\ldots$


Exponential is Strictly Increasing

The function $\map f x = \exp x$ is strictly increasing.


Exponential is Strictly Convex

The function $f \left({x}\right) = \exp x$ is strictly convex.


Exponential Tends to Zero and Infinity

$\exp x \to +\infty$ as $x \to +\infty$
$\exp x \to 0$ as $x \to -\infty$

Thus the exponential function has domain $\R$ and image $\openint 0 \infty$.


Exponential of Natural Logarithm

$\forall x > 0: \exp \left({\ln x}\right) = x$
$\forall x \in \R: \ln \left({\exp x}\right) = x$


Exponential Function is Continuous

$\forall c \in \R: \ds \lim_{x \mathop \to c} \exp x = \exp c$