Definition:Expectation
Definition
Let $X$ be a discrete random variable.
The expectation of $X$ is written $E \left({X}\right)$, and is defined as:
- $\displaystyle E \left({X}\right) := \sum_{x \in \operatorname{Im} \left({X}\right)} x \Pr \left({X = x}\right)$
whenever the sum is absolutely convergent, i.e. when:
- $\displaystyle \sum_{x \in \operatorname{Im} \left({X}\right)} \left|{x \Pr \left({X = x}\right)}\right| < \infty$
Note that the index of summation is not actually limited to the image of $X$, as $\forall x \in \R: x \notin \operatorname{Im} \left({X}\right) \implies \Pr \left({X = x}\right) = 0$.
Hence we can express the expectation as:
- $\displaystyle E \left({X}\right) := \sum_{x \in \R} x \Pr \left({X = x}\right)$
Also, from the definition of probability mass function, we see it can also be written:
- $\displaystyle E \left({X}\right) := \sum_{x \in \R} x p_X \left({x}\right)$
The expectation of $X$ is also called the expected value of $X$ or the mean of $X$, and (for a given discrete random variable) is often denoted $\mu$.
The terminology is appropriate, as it can be seen that an expectation is an example of a normalized weighted mean. This follows from the fact that a probability mass function is a normalized weight function.
It can also be seen that the expectation of a discrete random variable is its first moment.
Linguistic Note
Don't you dare call it expectoration, you disgusting children.
