Set Contained in Smallest Transitive Set

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Theorem

Let $S$ be a set.

Then there exists a transitive set $G$ such that:

$S \subseteq G$

and:

if $Q$ is any transitive set such that $S \subseteq Q$, then $G \subseteq Q$.

Proof

Construction of $G$

Let $U$ be the class of all sets.

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Define the mapping $F: \N \to U$ recursively:

$\map F 0 = S$

$\map F {n + 1} = \bigcup \map F n$

Applying the axiom of union inductively, $\map F n$ is a set for each $n \in \N$.

Let $\ds G = \bigcup_{i \mathop = 0}^\infty \map F i$.

By the axiom of unions, $G$ is a set.

Transitivity

It is to be proved that $G$ is transitive.

That is:

$a \in b, b \in G \implies a \in G$

Let $a \in b$ and $b \in G$.

By the definition of $G$, there exists $n \in \N$, $b \in \map F n$.

By the definition of $F$:

$\map F {n + 1} = \bigcup \map F n$

Then by the definition of union:

$a \in \map F {n + 1}$

Thus by the definition of $G$:

$a \in G$

$\Box$

Minimality

It is to be proved that if $Q$ is a transitive set and $S \subseteq Q$ then $G \subseteq Q$.

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Let $Q$ be transitive and $S \subseteq Q$.

Define $F$ as above.

Prove by induction that $\map F n \subseteq Q$ for each $n$.

$\blacksquare$