Ultraconnected iff Closures of Distinct Points Always Intersect
Theorem
Let $T = \left({X, \vartheta}\right)$ be a topological space.
Then $T$ is ultraconnected iff the closures of every distinct pair of points of $X$ are not disjoint.
That is:
- $\forall x, y \in X: \left\{{x}\right\}^- \cap \left\{{y}\right\}^- \ne \varnothing$
Proof
Let $T = \left({X, \vartheta}\right)$ be a ultraconnected.
Let $x, y \in X$.
By Closure is Closed, both$\left\{{x}\right\}^-$ and $\left\{{y}\right\}^-$ are closed.
As $T$ is ultraconnected, it follows that:
- $\left\{{x}\right\}^- \cap \left\{{y}\right\}^- \ne \varnothing$
$\Box$
Now suppose that:
- $\forall x, y \in X: \left\{{x}\right\}^- \cap \left\{{y}\right\}^- \ne \varnothing$
Let $V_1, V_2$ be closed sets of $T$.
Let $x \in V_1, y \in V_2$.
Then $\left\{{x}\right\}^- \cap \left\{{y}\right\}^- \ne \varnothing$.
But then from Closure of Subset is Subset of Closure we have that:
- $\left\{{x}\right\}^- \subseteq V_1^-$
- $\left\{{y}\right\}^- \subseteq V_2^-$
But from Closed Set Equals its Closure $V_1^- = V_1, V_2^- = V_2$.
So it follows from Intersection Subset that:
- $\left\{{x}\right\}^- \cap \left\{{y}\right\}^- \subseteq V_1$
- $\left\{{x}\right\}^- \cap \left\{{y}\right\}^- \subseteq V_2$
from which it follows:
- $V_1 \cap V_2 \ne \varnothing$
As $V_1$ and $V_2$ are arbitrary, it follows that $T$ is ultraconnected by definition.
$\blacksquare$
Sources
- Lynn Arthur Steen and J. Arthur Seebach, Jr.: Counterexamples in Topology (1970)... (previous)... (next): $\text{I}: \ \S 4$