Definition:Imperial/Mass

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Definition

There are three imperial systems of measurement of mass:


Grain

The grain is the imperial unit of mass which is used as the basis of all three of the imperial weight systems.

\(\ds \) \(\) \(\ds 1\) grain
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds \dfrac 1 {437 \cdot 5}\) ounce avoirdupois
\(\ds \) \(\approx\) \(\ds 64 \cdotp 8\) milligrams


Avoirdupois

Dram

The dram is an avoirdupois unit of mass.

\(\ds \) \(\) \(\ds 1\) dram
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds 27 \cdotp 34375\) grains
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds \dfrac 1 {16}\) ounce avoirdupois
\(\ds \) \(\approx\) \(\ds 1 \cdotp 77\) grams


Ounce

\(\ds \) \(\) \(\ds 1\) ounce avoirdupois
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds 16\) drams
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds 437 \cdotp 5\) grains
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds 28 \cdotp 34952 \, 3125\) grams
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds 0 \cdotp 02834 \, 95231 \, 25\) kilograms

The gram / kilogram equivalent is defined to be exact.


Pound

The pound is an avoirdupois unit of mass.

It is defined as being exactly $453 \cdotp 59237$ grams.

\(\ds \) \(\) \(\ds 1\) pound avoirdupois
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds 16\) ounces avoirdupois
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds 7 \, 000\) grains
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds 453 \cdotp 59237\) grams \(\quad\) (exact)
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds 0 \cdotp 45359237\) kilograms \(\quad\) (exact)


Stone

\(\ds \) \(\) \(\ds 1\) stone
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds 14\) pounds avoirdupois
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds 224\) ounces avoirdupois
\(\ds \) \(\approx\) \(\ds 6 \, 350 \cdotp 29318\) grams

The gram equivalent is exact.


Quarter

\(\ds \) \(\) \(\ds 1\) quarter
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds 2\) stone
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds 28\) pounds avoirdupois
\(\ds \) \(\approx\) \(\ds 12 \cdotp 7\) kilograms


Hundredweight

\(\ds \) \(\) \(\ds 1\) hundredweight
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds 4\) quarters
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds 8\) stone
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds 112\) pounds avoirdupois
\(\ds \) \(\approx\) \(\ds 50 \cdotp 8\) kilograms


Ton

The ton is an avoirdupois unit of mass.

\(\ds \) \(\) \(\ds 1\) ton
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds 20\) hundredweight
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds 80\) quarters
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds 160\) stone
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds 2240\) pounds avoirdupois
\(\ds \) \(\approx\) \(\ds 1016\) kilograms
\(\ds \) \(\approx\) \(\ds 1 \cdotp 016\) tonnes


Avoirdupois: Short Variants

Short Hundredweight

\(\ds \) \(\) \(\ds 1\) short hundredweight
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds 100\) pounds avoirdupois
\(\ds \) \(\approx\) \(\ds 45 \cdotp 359\) kilograms


Quarter

\(\ds \) \(\) \(\ds 1\) quarter
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds 5\) short hundredweight
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds 500\) pounds avoirdupois
\(\ds \) \(\approx\) \(\ds 181 \cdotp 44\) kilograms


Short Ton

\(\ds \) \(\) \(\ds 1\) short ton
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds 4\) quarters
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds 20\) short hundredweight
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds 2000\) pounds avoirdupois
\(\ds \) \(\approx\) \(\ds 907 \cdot 2\) kilograms


Apothecaries' Weights

Scruple

The scruple is an apothecaries' unit of mass.

\(\ds \) \(\) \(\ds 1\) scruple
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds 20\) grains
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds 1 \cdotp 3\) grams


Drachm

The drachm is an apothecaries' unit of mass.

\(\ds \) \(\) \(\ds 1\) drachm
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds 3\) scruples
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds 60\) grains
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds 3 \cdotp 89\) grams


Ounce

The apothecaries' ounce is an apothecaries' unit of mass.

\(\ds \) \(\) \(\ds 1\) apothecaries' ounce
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds 8\) drachms
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds 24\) scruples
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds 480\) grains
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds 1\) troy ounce
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds 31 \cdotp 1\) grams


Pound

The apothecaries' pound is an apothecaries' unit of mass.

\(\ds \) \(\) \(\ds 1\) apothecaries' pound
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds 12\) apothecaries' ounces
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds 5 \, 760\) grains
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds 373 \cdotp 24\) grams
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds 1\) troy pound


Troy

Pennyweight

The pennyweight is a troy unit of mass.

\(\ds \) \(\) \(\ds 1\) pennyweight
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds 24\) grains
\(\ds \) \(\approx\) \(\ds 1 \cdotp 56\) grams


Ounce

\(\ds \) \(\) \(\ds 1\) troy ounce
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds 20\) pennyweight
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds 480\) grains
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds 1\) apothecaries' ounce
\(\ds \) \(\approx\) \(\ds 31 \cdotp 1\) grams


Pound

\(\ds \) \(\) \(\ds 1\) troy pound
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds 12\) troy ounces
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds 5 \, 760\) grains
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds 1\) apothecaries' pound
\(\ds \) \(\approx\) \(\ds 373 \cdotp 24\) grams


Talent

\(\ds \) \(\) \(\ds 1\) talent
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds 75\) troy pounds
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds 900\) troy ounces