Definition:Incident (Graph Theory)

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Definition

Undirected Graph

Let $G = \struct {V, E}$ be an undirected graph.

Let $u, v \in V$ be vertices of $G$.


Let $e = \set {u, v} \in E$ be an edge of $G$:

IncidentGraph.png

Then:

$u$ and $v$ are each incident with $e$
$e$ is incident with $u$ and incident with $v$.


Digraph

Let $G = \struct {V, E}$ be a digraph.

Let $u, v \in V$ be vertices of $G$.


Let $e = \tuple {u, v}$ be an arc that is directed from $u$ to $v$:

IncidentDigraph.png

Then the following definitions are used:


Incident From

$e$ is incident from $u$
$v$ is incident from $e$.


Incident To

$e$ is incident to $v$
$u$ is incident to $e$.


Planar Graph

PlanarGraph.png


Let $G = \struct {V, E}$ be a planar graph:

Then a face of $G$ is incident to an edge $e$ of $G$ if $e$ is one of those which surrounds the face.

Similarly, a face of $G$ is incident to a vertex $v$ of $G$ if $v$ is at the end of one of those incident edges.


In the above graph, for example, the face $BCEF$ is incident to:

the edges $BC, CE, EF, FB$
the vertices $B, C, E, F$.