Definition:Negative/Integer
Definition
The negative integers comprise the set:
- $\set {0, -1, -2, -3, \ldots}$
As the set of integers is the Inverse Completion of Natural Numbers, it follows that elements of $\Z$ are the isomorphic images of the elements of equivalence classes of $\N \times \N$ where two tuples are equivalent if the difference between the two elements of each tuple is the same.
Thus negative can be formally defined on $\Z$ as a relation induced on those equivalence classes as specified in the definition of integers.
That is, the integers being defined as all the difference congruence classes, negative can be defined directly as the relation specified as follows:
The integer $z \in \Z: z = \eqclass {\tuple {a, b} } \boxminus$ is negative if and only if $b > a$.
The set of negative integers is denoted $\Z_{\le 0}$.
An element of $\Z$ can be specifically indicated as being negative by prepending a $-$ sign:
- $-x \in \Z_{\le 0} \iff x \in \Z_{\ge 0}$
Also defined as
Some sources do not include $0$ in the set of negative integers:
- $\set {-1, -2, -3, \ldots}$
This is the set which on $\mathsf{Pr} \infty \mathsf{fWiki}$ is referred to as the strictly negative integers.
Also known as
Because of the confusion between whether the negative integers or strictly negative integers is meant when encountered, the negative integers are often referred to as the non-positive integers.
Also see
Sources
- 1971: Wilfred Kaplan and Donald J. Lewis: Calculus and Linear Algebra ... (previous) ... (next): Introduction: Review of Algebra, Geometry, and Trigonometry: $\text{0-1}$: The Real Numbers
- 1974: Murray R. Spiegel: Theory and Problems of Advanced Calculus (SI ed.) ... (previous) ... (next): Chapter $1$: Numbers: Real Numbers: $2$
- 1981: Murray R. Spiegel: Theory and Problems of Complex Variables (SI ed.) ... (previous) ... (next): Chapter $1$: Complex Numbers: The Real Number System: $2$