Double Induction Principle/Lemma

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Lemma for Double Induction Principle

Let $M$ be a minimally inductive class under a mapping $g$.

Let $\RR$ be a relation on $M$ which satisfies:

\((\text D_1)\)   $:$     \(\ds \forall x \in M:\) \(\ds \map \RR {x, \O} \)      
\((\text D_2)\)   $:$     \(\ds \forall x, y \in M:\) \(\ds \map \RR {x, y} \land \map \RR {y, x} \implies \map \RR {x, \map g y} \)      

Let $x$ be a right normal element of $M$ with respect to $\RR$.


Then $x$ is also a left normal element of $M$ with respect to $\RR$.


Proof

The proof proceeds by general induction.


Let $x \in M$ be right normal with respect to $\RR$.

Let $\map P y$ be the proposition:

$\map \RR {x, y}$ holds.


Basis for the Induction

By condition $\text D_1$ of the definition of $\RR$:

$\map \RR {x, \O}$

for all $x \in M$.

Thus $\map P \O$ is seen to hold.


This is the basis for the induction.


Induction Hypothesis

Now it needs to be shown that if $\map P y$ is true, where $x \in M$, then it logically follows that $\map P {\map g y}$ is true.


So this is the induction hypothesis:

$\map \RR {x, y}$ holds


from which it is to be shown that:

$\map \RR {x, \map g y}$ holds.


Induction Step

This is the induction step:

Let $\map \RR {x, y}$ hold.

As $x$ is right normal with respect to $\RR$:

$\map \RR {y, x}$ holds.

Thus by condition $\text D_2$ of the definition of $\RR$:

$\map \RR {x, \map g y}$ holds.

So $\map P x \implies \map P {\map g x}$ and the result follows by the Principle of General Induction.

Therefore:

$\forall x \in M$: if $x$ is a right normal element of $M$ with respect to $\RR$, then $x$ is a left normal element of $M$ with respect to $\RR$

$\blacksquare$


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