Equivalence of Definitions of Convergent Sequence in Metric Space/Definition 1 iff Definition 3
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Theorem
Let $M = \struct {A, d}$ be a metric space or a pseudometric space.
Let $\sequence {x_k}$ be a sequence in $A$.
The following definitions of the concept of Convergent Sequence in the context of Metric Spaces are equivalent:
Definition 1
$\sequence {x_k}$ converges to the limit $l \in A$ if and only if:
- $\forall \epsilon \in \R_{>0}: \exists N \in \R_{>0}: \forall n \in \N: n > N \implies \map d {x_n, l} < \epsilon$
Definition 3
$\sequence {x_k}$ converges to the limit $l \in A$ if and only if:
- $\ds \lim_{n \mathop \to \infty} \map d {x_n, l} = 0$
Proof
By definition of a convergent real sequence:
- $\ds \lim_{n \mathop \to \infty} \map d {x_n, l} = 0$
- $\forall \epsilon \in \R_{>0}: \exists N \in \R_{>0}: n > N \implies \size {\map d {x_n, l} - 0} < \epsilon$
From Distance in Pseudometric is Non-Negative:
- $\forall x, y \in A: \map d {x, y} \ge 0$
Hence:
- $\forall n \in \N: \map d {x_n, l} = \size {\map d {x_n, l}} = \size {\map d {x_n, l} - 0}$
The result follows.
$\blacksquare$