Euler's Number is Transcendental/Proof 1/Historical Note
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Historical Note on $e$ is Transcendental
The transcendental nature of Euler's number $e$ was conjectured by Joseph Liouville in $1844$, after he had proved that it was not the root of a quadratic equation with integer coefficients.
The proof that $e$ is transcendental was first achieved by Charles Hermite in $1873$.
The proof given here is a simplified version of Hermite's original proof, given by Hilbert.