Formula and its Negation Cannot Both Cause Forking

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Theorem

Let $T$ be a complete $\LL$-theory.

Let $\mathfrak C$ be a monster model for $T$.

Let $A \subseteq B$ be subsets of the universe of $\mathfrak C$.

Let $\map \pi {\bar x}$ be an $n$-type over $B$.


If $\pi$ does not fork over $A$, then for any formula $\map \phi {\bar x, \bar b}$, either $\pi \cup \set \phi$ or $\pi \cup \set {\neg \phi}$ does not fork over $A$.


Proof

We prove the contrapositive.


Suppose both $\pi \cup \set \phi$ and $\pi \cup \set {\neg \phi}$ fork over $A$.


By definition of forking:

$\pi \cup \set \phi$ implies $\map {\phi_1} {\bar x, \bar c_1} \vee \cdots \vee \map {\phi_k} {\bar x, \bar c_k}$ and
$\pi \cup \set {\neg \phi}$ implies $\map {\psi_1} {\bar x, \bar d_1} \vee \cdots \vee \map {\psi_k} {\bar x, \bar d_h}$,

where each $\phi_i$ and $\psi_j$ divide over $A$.


Then $\pi$ implies the disjunction

$\ds \bigvee_i \map \phi {\bar x, \bar c_i} \vee \bigvee_j \map \psi {\bar x, \bar d_i}$

with each component formula dividing over $A$.


By definition, this means that $\pi$ forks over $A$.


$\blacksquare$