Functionally Complete Logical Connectives/Negation and Conjunction
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Theorem
The set of logical connectives:
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Proof
From Functionally Complete Logical Connectives: Negation, Conjunction, Disjunction and Implication, all sixteen of the binary truth functions can be expressed in terms of $\neg, \land, \lor, \implies$.
From Conjunction and Implication, we have that:
- $p \implies q \dashv \vdash \neg \paren {p \land \neg q}$
From De Morgan's laws: Disjunction, we have that:
- $p \lor q \dashv \vdash \neg \paren {\neg p \land \neg q}$
So any instance of either $\implies$ or $\lor$ can be replaced identically with one using just $\neg$ and $\land$.
It follows that $\set {\neg, \land}$ is functionally complete.
$\blacksquare$
Sources
- 1959: A.H. Basson and D.J. O'Connor: Introduction to Symbolic Logic (3rd ed.) ... (previous) ... (next): $\S 2.5$: Further Logical Constants
- 1965: E.J. Lemmon: Beginning Logic ... (previous) ... (next): Chapter $2$: The Propositional Calculus $2$: $3$ Truth-Tables: Exercise $2 \ \text{(i)}$
- 1972: A.G. Howson: A Handbook of Terms used in Algebra and Analysis ... (previous) ... (next): $\S 1$: Some mathematical language: Connectives
- 1998: David Nelson: The Penguin Dictionary of Mathematics (2nd ed.) ... (previous) ... (next): truth function
- 2008: David Nelson: The Penguin Dictionary of Mathematics (4th ed.) ... (previous) ... (next): truth function
- 2012: M. Ben-Ari: Mathematical Logic for Computer Science (3rd ed.) ... (previous) ... (next): $\S 2.4.2$: Theorem $2.36$