Pushforward of Lebesgue Measure under General Linear Group

From ProofWiki
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Theorem

Let $M \in \GL {n, \R}$ be an invertible matrix.

Let $\lambda^n$ be $n$-dimensional Lebesgue measure.


Then the pushforward measure $M_* \lambda^n$ satisfies:

$M_* \lambda^n = \size {\det M^{-1} } \cdot \lambda^n$


Proof

From Linear Transformation on Euclidean Space is Continuous, $M^{-1}$ is a continuous mapping.

Thus from Continuous Mapping is Measurable, it is measurable, and so $M_* \lambda^n$ is defined.


Now let $B \in \map \BB {\R^n}$ be a Borel measurable set, and let $\mathbf x \in \R^n$.

Then:

\(\ds \map {M_* \lambda^n} {\mathbf x + B}\) \(=\) \(\ds \map {\lambda^n} {\map {M^{-1} } {\mathbf x + B} }\) Definition of Pushforward Measure
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds \map {\lambda^n} {\map {M^{-1} } {\mathbf x} + \map {M^{-1} } B}\) $M^{-1}$ is linear
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds \map {\lambda^n} {\map {M^{-1} } B}\) Lebesgue Measure is Translation Invariant
\(\ds \) \(=\) \(\ds \map {M_* \lambda^n} B\) Definition of Pushforward Measure

Thus $M_* \lambda^n$ is a translation invariant measure.


From Translation Invariant Measure on Euclidean Space is Multiple of Lebesgue Measure, it follows that:

$M_* \lambda^n = \map {M_* \lambda^n} {\openint 0 1^n} \cdot \lambda^n$

Lastly, using Determinant as Volume of Parallelotope it follows that:

$\map {M_* \lambda^n} {\openint 0 1^n} = \map {\lambda^n} {\map {M^{-1} } {\openint 0 1^n} } = \size {\det M^{-1} }$


Hence the result.

$\blacksquare$


Sources