Partial Ordering/Examples/Ancestry

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Example of Partial Ordering

Let $P$ denote the set of all people who have ever lived.

Let $\DD$ denote the relation on $P$ defined as:

$a \mathrel \DD b$ if and only if $a$ is a descendant of or the same person as $b$.


Its dual $\DD^{-1}$ is defined as:

$a \mathrel {\DD^{-1} } b$ if and only if $a$ is an ancestor of or the same person as $b$.


Then $\DD$ and $\DD^{-1}$ are partial orderings on $P$.


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