Positive Image of Point of Continuous Real Function implies Positive Closed Interval of Domain

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Theorem

Let $f: \R \to \R$ be a continuous real function.

Let $a \in \R$ such that $\map f a > 0$.


Then:

$\exists k \in \R_{>0}: \exists \delta \in \R_{>0}: \forall x \in \closedint {a - \delta} {a + \delta}: \map f x \ge k$


Proof

Let $\map f a = l$ where $l > 0$.

As $f$ is continuous:

$\forall \epsilon \in \R_{>0}: \exists \delta \in \R_{>0}: \size {y - x} < \delta \implies \size {\map f y - \map f x} < \epsilon$

Let $\epsilon = \dfrac l 2 = k$.

Then:

$\exists \delta' \in \R_{>0}: \forall y \in \R: \size {y - x} < \delta' \implies \size {\map f y - \map f a} < \dfrac l 2$

Thus:

$\forall x \in \openint {a - \delta'} {a + \delta'}: \map f x > \dfrac l 2$

Let $\delta = \dfrac {\delta'} 2$

Then $a - \delta \in \openint {a - \delta'} {a + \delta'}$ and $a + \delta \in \openint {a - \delta'} {a + \delta'}$.

Thus:

$\closedint {a - \delta} {a + \delta} \subseteq \openint {a - \delta'} {a + \delta'}$

and hence the result.

$\blacksquare$


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