Primitive of Square of Cosecant of a x

Theorem

$\ds \int \csc^2 a x \rd x = -\frac {\cot a x} a + C$

Proof

\(\ds \int \csc^2 x \rd x\)

\(=\)

\(\ds -\cot x + C\)

Primitive of $\csc^2 x$

\(\ds \leadsto \ \ \)

\(\ds \int \csc^2 a x \rd x\)

\(=\)

\(\ds \frac 1 a \paren {-\cot a x} + C\)

Primitive of Function of Constant Multiple

\(\ds \)

\(=\)

\(\ds -\frac {\cot a x} a + C\)

simplifying

$\blacksquare$

Also see

• Primitive of $\sin^2 a x$
• Primitive of $\cos^2 a x$
• Primitive of $\tan^2 a x$
• Primitive of $\cot^2 a x$
• Primitive of $\sec^2 a x$

Sources

• 1968: Murray R. Spiegel: Mathematical Handbook of Formulas and Tables ... (previous) ... (next): $\S 14$: Integrals involving $\csc a x$: $14.462$
• 1968: George B. Thomas, Jr.: Calculus and Analytic Geometry (4th ed.) ... (previous) ... (next): Back endpapers: A Brief Table of Integrals: $91$.