Real Numbers are Uncountably Infinite/Proof 2 using Ternary Notation/Lemma
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Lemma to Real Numbers are Uncountably Infinite: Proof 2 using Ternary Notation
Let $\sequence {d_n}$ and $\sequence {e_n}$ be infinite sequences in $\set {0, 1}$ such that:
- $\exists m \in \N: d_m \ne e_m$
That is, the sequences $\sequence {d_n}$ and $\sequence {e_n}$ are different in at least one term.
Then the ternary representations $D = 0.d_1 d_2 \ldots$ and $E = 0.e_1 e_2 \dots$ represent distinct real numbers.
Proof
Let $\sequence {d_n} \ne \sequence {e_n}$.
By the Well-Ordering Principle, there is a smallest $n \in \N_{>0}$ such that $d_n \ne e_n$.
Without loss of generality, suppose that $d_n = 0$ and $e_n = 1$.
Let:
- $\ds K = 0.d_1 d_2 \ldots d_{n - 1} = \sum_{i \mathop = 1}^{n - 1} d_i 3^{-i}$
- $\ds D := K + \sum_{i \mathop = n + 1}^\infty d_i 3^{-i}$
- $\ds E := K + 3^{-n} + \sum_{i \mathop = n + 1}^\infty e_i 3^{-i} \ge K + 3^{-n}$
But then:
\(\ds D \le K + \sum_{i \mathop = n + 1}^\infty 3^{-i}\) | \(=\) | \(\ds K + 3^{-n-1} \sum_{i \mathop = 0}^\infty 3^{-i}\) | ||||||||||||
\(\ds \) | \(=\) | \(\ds K + 3^{-n - 1} \dfrac 3 2\) | ||||||||||||
\(\ds \) | \(=\) | \(\ds K + \frac {3^{-n} } 2\) |
Thus $D < E$, so $D \ne E$.
$\blacksquare$