Equation of Chord of Contact on Ellipse in Reduced Form
Theorem
Let $\EE$ be an ellipse embedded in a Cartesian plane in reduced form with the equation:
- $\dfrac {x^2} {a^2} + \dfrac {y^2} {b^2} = 1$
Let $P = \tuple {x_0, y_0}$ be a point which is outside the boundary of $\EE$.
Let $UV$ be the chord of contact on $\EE$ with respect to $P$.
Then $UV$ can be defined by the equation:
- $\dfrac {x x_0} {a^2} + \dfrac {y y_0} {b^2} = 1$
Proof
Let $\TT_1$ and $\TT_2$ be a tangents to $\EE$ passing through $P$.
Let:
Then the chord of contact on $\EE$ with respect to $P$ is defined as $UV$.
From Equation of Tangent to Ellipse in Reduced Form, $\TT_1$ is expressed by the equation:
- $\dfrac {x x_1} {a^2} + \dfrac {y y_1} {b^2} = 1$
but as $\TT_1$ also passes through $\tuple {x_0, y_0}$ we also have:
- $\dfrac {x_0 x_1} {a^2} + \dfrac {y_0 y_1} {b^2} = 1$
This also expresses the condition that $U$ should lie on $\TT_1$:
- $\dfrac {x x_0} {a^2} + \dfrac {y y_0} {b^2} = 1$
Similarly, From Equation of Tangent to Circle Centered at Origin, $\TT_2$ is expressed by the equation:
- $\dfrac {x x_2} {a^2} + \dfrac {y y_2} {b^2} = 1$
but as $\TT_2$ also passes through $\tuple {x_0, y_0}$ we also have:
- $\dfrac {x_0 x_2} {a^2} + \dfrac {y_0 y_2} {b^2} = 1$
This also expresses the condition that $V$ should lie on $\TT_2$:
- $\dfrac {x x_0} {a^2} + \dfrac {y y_0} {b^2} = 1$
So both $U$ and $V$ lie on the straight line whose equation is:
- $\dfrac {x x_0} {a^2} + \dfrac {y y_0} {b^2} = 1$
and the result follows.
$\blacksquare$
Sources
- 1933: D.M.Y. Sommerville: Analytical Conics (3rd ed.) ... (previous) ... (next): Chapter $\text {IV}$. The Ellipse: $3$.