Finite-Dimensional Subspace of Hausdorff Topological Vector Space is Closed
Theorem
Let $\GF \in \set {\R, \C}$.
Let $X$ be a Hausdorff topological vector space over $\GF$.
Let $n \in \N$.
Let $Y$ be a subspace of $X$ with dimension $n$.
Then $Y$ is closed.
Proof
Let $f : \GF^n \to Y$ be a vector space isomorphism.
From Isomorphism from Cartesian Space to Finite-Dimensional Subspace of Hausdorff Topological Vector Space is Homeomorphism, $f$ is a homeomorphism.
Let $B$ be the unit ball in $\GF^n$.
Let $D$ be the closed unit ball in $\GF^n$.
Let $S$ be the unit sphere in $\GF^n$ and:
- $K = f \sqbrk S$
In Isomorphism from Cartesian Space to Finite-Dimensional Subspace of Hausdorff Topological Vector Space is Homeomorphism, it was determined that there exists a balanced open neighborhood $V$ of $\mathbf 0_X$ such that:
- $V \cap K = \O$
Now let $\map \cl Y$ be the closure of $Y$.
From Set is Closed iff Equals Topological Closure, we just need to show that $Y^- \subseteq Y$.
From Topological Vector Space as Union of Dilations of Open Neighborhood of Origin, there exists $t > 0$ such that:
- $p \in t V$
It follows that:
- $p \in \map \cl {Y \cap t V}$
In Isomorphism from Cartesian Space to Finite-Dimensional Subspace of Hausdorff Topological Vector Space is Homeomorphism, it was determined that:
- $f^{-1} \sqbrk V \subseteq B$
so that:
- $Y \cap \paren {t V} \subseteq t f \sqbrk B$
by Image of Preimage under Mapping.
From Image of Dilation of Set under Linear Transformation is Dilation of Image, we have:
- $Y \cap \paren {t V} \subseteq f \sqbrk {t B}$
That is:
- $Y \cap \paren {t V} \subseteq f \sqbrk {t D}$
Since $D$ is compact, we have:
- $t D$ is compact
from Dilation of Compact Set in Topological Vector Space is Compact.
From Continuous Image of Compact Space is Compact, $f \sqbrk {t D}$ is compact.
Since $X$ is a Hausdorff topological vector space, $X$ is in particular Hausdorff.
From Compact Subspace of Hausdorff Space is Closed, $f \sqbrk {t D}$ is therefore closed, and we obtain:
- $\map \cl {Y \cap \paren {t V} } \subseteq f \sqbrk {t D}$
So:
- $p \in f \sqbrk {t D}$
giving $p \in Y$.
So we have $Y^- = Y$ as desired.
$\blacksquare$
Sources
- 1991: Walter Rudin: Functional Analysis (2nd ed.) ... (previous) ... (next): $1.21$: Theorem