User:Caliburn/s/mt/Darboux and Lebesgue Integral Coincide
Theorem
Let $\map \LL {\closedint a b}$ be the set of Lebesgue measurable subsets of $\closedint a b$.
Let $\lambda$ be the Lebesgue measure on $\struct {\closedint a b, \map \LL {\closedint a b} }$.
Let $f : \closedint a b \to \R$ be a Darboux integrable bounded function.
Then $f$ is Lebesgue integrable and:
- $\ds \int_{\closedint a b} \map f x \map {\rd \lambda} x = \int_a^b \map f x \rd x$
Proof
From Riemann-Lebesgue Theorem: Proof 2: Lemma:
- there exists Lebesgue integrable bounded functions $g, h : \closedint a b \to \R$ with $g = h$ $\lambda$-almost everywhere such that:
- $\ds \int_{\closedint a b} \map g x \map {\rd \lambda} x = \int_{\closedint a b} \map h x \map {\rd \lambda} x = \int_a^b \map f x \rd x$
- and:
- $g \le f \le h$
Then there exists a $\lambda$-null set $N \subseteq \closedint a b$ such that:
- if $x \in \closedint a b$ such that $\map g x \ne \map h x$ then $x \in N$.
Note that if $x \in \closedint a b$:
- $\map g x = \map h x$
then:
- $\map f x = \map g x = \map h x$
So, if:
- $\map f x \ne \map g x$
then:
- $\map g x \ne \map h x$
so $x \in N$.
So, we have:
- $f = g$ $\lambda$-almost everywhere.
From Lebesgue Measure is Complete, we have:
- $\struct {\closedint a b, \map \LL {\closedint a b}, \lambda}$ is complete.
So by Function A.E. Equal to Measurable Function in Complete Measure Space is Measurable, we have:
- $f$ is Lebesgue measurable.
From A.E. Equal Positive Measurable Functions have Equal Integrals: Corollary 1, we have:
- $f$ is Lebesgue integrable
with:
- $\ds \int_{\closedint a b} \map f x \map {\rd \lambda} x = \int_{\closedint a b} \map g x \map {\rd \lambda} x$
That is:
- $\ds \int_{\closedint a b} \map f x \map {\rd \lambda} x = \int_a^b \map f x \rd x$