User:Leigh.Samphier/Matroids/Matroid Bases Iff Satisfies Matroid Base Axiom
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Theorem
Let $S$ be a finite set.
Let $\mathscr B$ be a non-empty set of subsets of $S$.
Then $\mathscr B$ is the set of bases of a matroid on $S$ if and only if $\mathscr B$ satisfies any one of the base axioms:
\((\text B 1)\) | $:$ | \(\ds \forall B_1, B_2 \in \mathscr B:\) | \(\ds x \in B_1 \setminus B_2 \implies \exists y \in B_2 \setminus B_1 : \paren {B_1 \setminus \set x} \cup \set y \in \mathscr B \) |
\((\text B 2)\) | $:$ | \(\ds \forall B_1, B_2 \in \mathscr B:\) | \(\ds x \in B_1 \setminus B_2 \implies \exists y \in B_2 \setminus B_1 : \paren {B_1 \cup \set y} \setminus \set x \in \mathscr B \) |
\((\text B 3)\) | $:$ | \(\ds \forall B_1, B_2 \in \mathscr B:\) | \(\ds \exists \text{ a bijection } \pi : B_1 \setminus B_2 \to B_2 \setminus B_1 : \forall x \in B_1 \setminus B_2 : \paren {B_1 \setminus \set x } \cup \set {\map \pi x} \in \mathscr B \) |
\((\text B 4)\) | $:$ | \(\ds \forall B_1, B_2 \in \mathscr B:\) | \(\ds x \in B_1 \setminus B_2 \implies \exists y \in B_2 \setminus B_1 : \paren {B_1 \setminus \set x} \cup \set y, \paren {B_2 \setminus \set y} \cup \set x \in \mathscr B \) |
\((\text B 5)\) | $:$ | \(\ds \forall B_1, B_2 \in \mathscr B:\) | \(\ds x \in B_1 \setminus B_2 \implies \exists y \in B_2 \setminus B_1 : \paren {B_2 \setminus \set y} \cup \set x \in \mathscr B \) |
\((\text B 6)\) | $:$ | \(\ds \forall B_1, B_2 \in \mathscr B:\) | \(\ds x \in B_1 \setminus B_2 \implies \exists y \in B_2 \setminus B_1 : \paren {B_2 \cup \set x} \setminus \set y \in \mathscr B \) |
\((\text B 7)\) | $:$ | \(\ds \forall B_1, B_2 \in \mathscr B:\) | \(\ds \exists \text{ a bijection } \pi : B_1 \setminus B_2 \to B_2 \setminus B_1 : \forall x \in B_1 \setminus B_2 : \paren {B_2 \setminus \set {\map \pi x} } \cup \set x \in \mathscr B \) |
In which case, $\mathscr B$ satisfies all of the base axioms.
Proof
Follows immediately from:
$\blacksquare$
Sources
- 1976: Dominic Welsh: Matroid Theory ... (previous) ... (next) Chapter $1.$ $\S 5.$ Properties of independent sets and bases