Area Element/Examples
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Examples of Area Elements
Surface of Body
An area element $\delta \mathbf S$ is often coincident or approximately coincident with part of the surface of a body in space.
Such a body can be considered to have the whole of $S$ covered by such as $\delta \mathbf S$.
The direction of the normal to such a $\delta \mathbf S$ is conventionally taken to be the outward normal of $B$.
If $B$ is complicated in shape, a redefinition of the term outward normal may be appropriate.