Definition:Isolated Point (Metric Space)

Definition

Let $M = \struct {A, d}$ be a metric space.

Isolated Point in Subset

Let $S \subseteq A$ be a subset of $A$.

$a \in S$ is an isolated point of $S$ if and only if there exists an open $\epsilon$-ball of $x$ in $M$ containing no points of $S$ other than $a$:

$\exists \epsilon \in \R_{>0}: \map {B_\epsilon} a \cap S = \set a$

That is:

$\exists \epsilon \in \R_{>0}: \set {x \in S: \map d {x, a} < \epsilon} = \set a$

Isolated Point in Space

When $S = A$ this reduces to:

$a \in A$ is an isolated point of $M$ if and only if there exists an open $\epsilon$-ball of $x$ containing no points other than $a$:

$\exists \epsilon \in \R_{>0}: \map {B_\epsilon} a = \set a$

That is:

$\exists \epsilon \in \R_{>0}: \set {x \in A: \map d {x, a} < \epsilon} = \set a$

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Metric Space as a Topological Space

From Metric Induces Topology we can consider the topology $\map \tau {A, d}$ on $A$:

$\map \tau {A, d} := \set {\map {B_\epsilon} a: \epsilon \in \R_{>0}, a \in A, \map {B_\epsilon} a \subseteq S}$

and see that the definition given here is compatible with that of the definition for a topological space.

Also see

• Results about isolated points can be found here.