Rational Numbers are Dense Subfield of P-adic Numbers
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Theorem
Let $p$ be any prime number.
Let $\norm {\,\cdot\,}^{\Q}_p$ be the p-adic norm on the rational numbers $\Q$.
Let $\struct {\Q_p, \norm {\,\cdot\,}_p}$ be the $p$-adic numbers.
Let $\phi: \Q \to \Q_p$ be the mapping defined by:
- $\map \phi r = \eqclass {r, r, r, \dotsc} {}$
where $\eqclass {r, r, r, \dotsc} {}$ is the left coset in $\Q_p$ that contains the constant sequence $\sequence {r, r, r, \dotsc}$.
Then:
- $\struct{\Q, \norm {\,\cdot\,}^{\Q}_p }$ is isometrically isomorphic to $\map \phi \Q$ which is a dense subfield of $\Q_p$.
That is, $\struct{\Q, \norm {\,\cdot\,}^{\Q}_p }$ can be identified as a dense subfield of $\struct {\Q_p, \norm {\,\cdot\,}_p}$ and $\norm {\,\cdot\,}_p$ as an extension of $\norm {\,\cdot\,}^\Q_p$.
Proof
From P-adic Numbers form Completion of Rational Numbers with P-adic Norm:
- $\struct {\Q_p, \norm {\,\cdot\,}_p}$ is a completion of $\struct {\Q, \norm {\,\cdot\,}^\Q_p}$
From Embedding Division Ring into Quotient Ring of Cauchy Sequences:
- the mapping $\phi: \Q \to \Q_p$ is a distance-preserving monomorphism.
From Normed Division Ring is Dense Subring of Completion:
- $\struct {\Q, \norm {\, \cdot \,}^\Q_p }$ is isometrically isomorphic to $\struct {\map \phi \Q, \norm {\, \cdot \,}_p }$ which is a dense subfield of $\struct {\Q_p, \norm {\, \cdot \,}_p }$.
$\blacksquare$