Supremum Metric on Differentiability Class/Examples/Difference between C0 and C1/Application
Example of Supremum Metric on Differentiability Class
Let $f$ and $g$ be elements of $\mathscr D^1 \closedint 0 1$ defined as:
- $\forall x \in \closedint 0 1: \begin {cases} \map f x = 0 \\ \map g x = 10^{-6} \map \sin {10^{16} x} \end {cases}$
Consider a road along a $1 \ \mathrm {km}$ route whose surface can be described as $\map g x$.
Let a journey be made along this road be charged at a rate of $1$ penny per $1000 \ \mathrm {km}$.
Suppose the distance over which this rate is measured is taken along the road surface.
Then, although the bumps are $1 \ \mathrm {mm}$ high, the cost of the journey is over $\pounds 30, 000$.
Proof
We have that:
\(\ds \map {\max_{x \mathop \in \closedint 0 1} } g\) | \(=\) | \(\ds 10^{-6}\) | ||||||||||||
\(\ds \map {\min_{x \mathop \in \closedint 0 1} } g\) | \(=\) | \(\ds -10^{-6}\) |
and so the bumps are $\dfrac {1 \ \mathrm {km} } {10^6} = 1 \ \mathrm {mm}$ high.
Let $I$ be the distance along the road according to $g$.
We have that:
\(\ds I\) | \(=\) | \(\ds \int_0^1 \sqrt {1 + \paren {\map {g'} x}^2 } \rd x\) | Definition of Arc Length | |||||||||||
\(\ds \) | \(=\) | \(\ds \int_0^1 \sqrt {1 + 10^{20} \map {\cos^2} {10^{16} x} } \rd x\) | Derivative of Sine Function | |||||||||||
\(\ds \) | \(\ge\) | \(\ds \int_0^1 10^{10} \size \cos {10^{16} x} \rd x\) |
We have that $\size {\cos 10^{16} x} \ge \dfrac 1 2$ for $\dfrac 2 3$ of the range $\closedint 0 1$.
So:
- $I \ge \dfrac {10^{10} } 3$
which costs more than $3 \times 10^6 \ \mathrm p = \pounds 30, 000$.
$\blacksquare$
Sources
- 1975: W.A. Sutherland: Introduction to Metric and Topological Spaces ... (previous) ... (next): $2$: Continuity generalized: metric spaces: Exercise $2.6: 27$